Credits & data sources

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Lexicon (lemma, POS, gender, IPA, English glosses)

Per-language dictionary data extracted from the English Wiktionary by Kaikki.org using Wiktextract (Tatu Ylonen et al.). French, English and German each use the full Kaikki dump for their language — French, English, German; Spanish ships a curated bootstrap covering top-frequency lemmas + irregular conjugations.

The German lexicon is additionally filtered by an OpenSubtitles-derived frequency list from hermitdave/FrequencyWords, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0.

Original content © Wiktionary contributors, licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0. Derivative use here remains under the same license.

Ylonen, T. (2022). Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data. Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC 2022).

On-demand definitions (Vocab page expand)

Per-lemma definitions and example sentences are fetched live from the English Wiktionary REST API. Content © Wiktionary contributors, CC BY-SA 3.0.

CEFR vocabulary leveling

Word lists tagged by CEFR proficiency level (A1 – C1). For French and English, Mille-Mots ranks the dictionary's lemmas by how often they occur in film and TV subtitles (the OpenSubtitles 2018 lists from hermitdave/FrequencyWords, CC BY-SA 4.0) and assigns a level by rank — a frequency estimate, not an official CEFR list. Those derived lists remain under CC BY-SA. The Spanish and German lists are curated by hand for Mille-Mots, guided by the published CEFR level descriptors.

Sentence-aligned translation

When configured, sentence-by-sentence translations from the target language into your native language (English or Chinese) are produced by DeepL rather than the article-generation LLM. Stored alongside each article so the Write practice page can show the exact native-language sentence for the cloze you're filling.

Article generation

Reading passages are generated on demand by large language models. The shared default uses Anthropic Claude, falling back to Zhipu GLM and free models on OpenRouter; with your own API key you can pick the provider and model in Settings.

Pronunciation

Audio playback uses the browser's built-in Web Speech API. No audio data is shipped or stored — your browser's TTS voice for the target language synthesizes speech locally on each click.

Software

Mille-Mots itself

Mille-Mots is proprietary software. © 2026 Bingji Guo. All rights reserved.